See how these fierce dinos evolved in our pages over 100 years

T. rexes and other theropods first appeared in National Geographic in 1919. But each new discovery since brought a new look for these apex predators.

Large dinosaur tearing apart a smaller one.
Sporting a color palette straight out of the '70s, this August 1978 cover features a bulky T. rex, bigger and stronger than previous iterations. Throughout the years, National Geographic has created dinosaur drawings that reflect the latest scientific discoveries. 
Illustration by Roy Andersen
ByDaniel Stone
March 11, 2024

With a fourth Jurassic World movie in the works, our fascination with dinosaurs shows no signs of slowing, especially for series’ superstars Tyrannosaurus rex and other theropods. Ever since these beasts were first unearthed more than a century ago, National Geographic has been reporting on them, pairing the latest science with vivid illustrations. With every new discovery, our depictions must evolve.

Starting in 1919, a magazine feature laid the foundation, describing an Albertosaurus as a “powerful flesh-eater” that was “capable of destroying any of its herb-eating relatives.” 

Monochrome picture of landscape with a tall dinosaur.
1919: debut drawingCharles R. Knight carefully studied dinosaur fossils before creating this fierce, iguanaesque Albertosaurus.
Illustration by CHARLES R. KNIGHT

Twenty-three years later, battling T. rexes appeared in our pages standing some “twenty feet in height.” 

One dinosaur biting into another one's back.
1942: Battle RoyaleReflecting new knowledge about T. rexes, Knight showed them in combat using their “double-edged, dagger-like teeth.”
ILLUSTRATION BY CHARLES R. KNIGHT

Three and a half decades after that, a 1978 cover story reported that T. rex was even larger, “fifty feet and six tons of bad news.” Until the late 1990s, most dinosaurs were shown with scaly reptilian skin, but theropod skeletons found in China suggested young T. rexes had feathers. That led to another new conclusion: “We can now say that birds are theropods just as confidently as we say humans are mammals.”

Looking up at adult dinosaur and its baby.
1999: fine feathersAfter a discovery linked carnivorous dinosaurs to eagles and other modern birds, this T. rex illustration included a downy fuzz covering the youngster.
Illustration by MICHAEL W. SKREPNICK

And theropods may not have been the unstoppable killers of human fantasy. Discoveries in 2003 revealed that they were selective in their violence and submissive at times. In 2020 we reported that paleontology was in the midst of “another revolution—one fueled by a wealth of fresh fossils and innovative research techniques.” Even the latest renditions won’t necessarily be definitive but will be steps toward a clearer picture of these marvels from the past.

(Scientists have learned more about the ancient animals in the last 25 years than in the previous 250.)

One dinosaurs feasting on another dino species's nest.
2003: just a nipResearch suggested theropod Aucasaurus raided the nests of much larger sauropods, which helped clarify the Cretaceous-era food chain.
Illustration by JOHN SIBBICK
This story appears in the April 2024 issue of National Geographic magazine.